The Major Theories Of Criminal Behavior And The Impact Of...

Psychology of Human and Criminal Behaviour Describing and Evaluating the Major Theories of Cause of Criminal Behaviour and the Impact of Crime on Victims and Society London Foundation campus 1. Introduction Akers Sellers (2013) noted that there are various common theories that are pertinent to the study of crime as the extents of crime explanations range from the genetic/biological through to the economic and social perspective. Howitt (2012) divided these theories into four categories: macro-level or societal theories; locality or community level theories; group and socialisation influence theories; and individual level theories. This essay first describes the major theories of crime in the discussion section, which also discusses the impacts of crime at the individual and societal level, followed by conclusion based on the previous discussion. 2. Discussion on the Major Theories of Criminal Behaviour Macro-level or societal theories include Marxist conflict theory, Robert Merton’s strain theory, and Feminist theory (Howitt, 2012). According to Howitt (2012), Marxist conflict theory contains that societies have emerged from states of conflicts between competing groups in societies over institutionalised powers and material resources. Consequently, the prevailing class employs laws for controlling other groups and maintaining its supremacy and command. As a result, conflict criminological researches tend to emphasise on the differential treatmentsShow MoreRelatedRestorative Justice Is The Process Of Rebuilding Relationships With The Victims, Offenders, And The Community1602 Words   |  7 Pagesprocess of rebuilding relationships with the victims, offenders, and the community that are guided by principles of the law. In the beginning offenders went through criminal prosecution and conventional sentencing to deal with crime in the community which did not restore anything for the victim. As an alternative, advocates of restorative justice suggest that the guiding principles of the criminal sanction should be to decrease harm by restoring the victim to his or her prior unharmed status and theRead MoreThe Theories Of Crime Causation1076 Words   |  5 Pages This paper will examine the three main theories of crime causation which comprise the Criminological Theory as well as provide some examples of each. The three main theories of crime causation are biological, sociological and psychological. Each of the three theories have come a long way since their inception and continue to be updated due to new findings through technological and medical advances. It also must be noted that these are theories and due to various factors and drawbacks to eachRead MoreWhy People Commit Crimes?1255 Words   |  6 PagesWhy People Commit Crimes Author: admin Monday, 22 Sep 2014 It is known that people commit crimes for various reasons, such as social factors, economic and cultural reasons. All these factors have negative impact on the individuals and trigger them to be involved in criminal activities. For example, social factors are focused on the role of society in the life of an individual. The reasons of many crimes are concluded in peer pressure, school failure, prejudices and stereotyping, etc. Economic reasonsRead MoreCrime Displacement And Diffusion Of The United States1078 Words   |  5 PagesAbstract Crime displacement and diffusion is a major concern in the United States. Crime neither seem to be increasing nor decrease throughout the years. Displacement brings more consequences and can occur when a harm is produced by displacement crime before the intervention. There are three theories that help explain why crime are committed, who are targeted and how to prevent from being a potential target. Being aware of your surroundings is extremely important. Analyzing offenders, victims and locationRead MoreDisplacement And Diffusion, Mass Media And Crime Prevention1222 Words   |  5 PagesDisplacement and Diffusion, Mass Media and Crime Prevention, General Deterrence Sem Crime Prevention/Control LaBrittani Poole-James October 6, 2017 Grambling State University Assignment 3: Displacement and Diffusion, Mass Media and Crime Prevention, General Deterrence 1. Evaluate the types of Crime Displacement Crime Displacement entails the relocation of a crime an aspect that can result from the actions of Police in their crime prevention efforts. Crime displacement results from various reasonsRead MoreCrimes Against Children1739 Words   |  7 Pages Crimes against Children, the Effects Techniques for Successful Outcomes ABSTRACT Child abuse clearly has a negative impact on children and can result in behavioral, cognitive, emotional, and developmental difficulties. This may lead to greater difficulties later in life that will extend into adulthood. The use of proper investigation techniques and appropriate handling of cases, however, can result in less traumatization for child abuse victims. Read MoreHotel Rwanda vs. Erin Brockovich1660 Words   |  7 Pagessimilar dangerous social problems. The conflicts that are portrayed are different in the means of operation but both share a similar end with the endangerment of thousands of people. We will examine how these deviant decisions affect both their societies and the reasons behind these atrocious acts. Hotel Rwanda is a very graphic film filled with a tremendous amount of deviance and social problems. The Hutu tribe feels that the Tutsi should not be in power and the Hutu extremists try to overtakeRead MoreCrime And Violence Essay1233 Words   |  5 PagesCrime is defined as an offensive act committed by a person that must be punished by law. In our society, there are always some people that cannot stop themselves from doing a crime against humanity. The crimes ranged from burglary to rape to homicide. When an individual intentionally hurts another person physically and mentally, it is a serious problem. This type of behavior is not acceptable because it can have an enormous negative impact on the victimized. Some people may commit crimes out of desperationRead MoreAnalysis of the Film Silence of the Lambs1358 Words   |  5 Pagesheinous crimes committed by these people. One such film program that adapts crimes committed by serial murderers, and the murderers themselves, is The Silence of the Lambs (1991). Through a combination of criminology, psychology, and sociology, The Silence of the Lambs is able to not only inform audiences of the dangerous types of people that currently inhabit society, but also of the individuals who study serial murderers with the intent of apprehending them before they commit any more crimes and toRead MorePolice Officers Handle Duties And Property Of The Public Essay842 Words   |  4 PagesSmith returned fire† (Humphrey et al., 2015, p. 2). Lastly, Humphrey et al. (2015) wrote that both suspect and victim were taken to the same hospital; â€Å"Myers, who underwent surgery, clung to life . . . for three more hours [after Smith had died]† (p. 2). Many thought come to mind, for the reason why Smith decided to end the life of Deputy Myers. One assumption I have for this criminal act is that, Myers became part of a bad situation when he presented Smith with domestic violence papers. From what

Is Globalization a Good Thing Discuss with Reference to...

Globalization is a process of interaction and integration among the people, companies, and governments of different nations, a process driven by international trade and investment and aided by information technology. This process has effects on the environment, on culture, on political systems, on economic development and prosperity, and on human physical well-being in societies around the world. In this essay I will use culture as reference to discuss the above question. I will look at the Globalists ( positive and the pessimistic globalists ), Inter-nationalists and the Transformationalists view points of how globalization affects our culture. The term globalization is often used in the sense to refer to the growing integration of†¦show more content†¦Cultural flows are seen as imbalanced where dominant cultures e.g. US culture overpowers more vulnerable cultures e.g. Russian culture. An example of Cultural Imperialism is the structure of world news. The five major we stern news agencies are responsible for producing 80% of world news and only a quarter of all world news focuses on the developing world. Therefore the dominant culture is focussed on and given precedence over the weaker. One argument, which could be raised to this Pessimistic view, is that Western countries are the highest consumers of news and media in general and perhaps the ratio of television receivers may also be a lot higher in developed countries as opposed to developing countries, in which case the supply reflects the demand. It is not just the import and export of products that plays a part in cultural imperialism but also language. English is seen as the â€Å"language of advantage† (Collins, 1990, p211) and is the communicative language between global organizations. This evidence supports the notion that the globalization of culture is not the emergeneeemergence of growth of a global culture but a spreading in English language of US and Western cultural goods and practices. Inter-nationalists focus on the continuities for local, national, cultures, but also accept some changes have takenShow MoreRelatedDifferent Types of Leadership and Liberalism Essay1632 Words   |  7 PagesLiberalist never sees the world as being fully â€Å"real†. In short, Liberalism contrasts realism in that it sees the world can relate through forums and settings which if set in place well, then they would be effective. As liberalism tends to focus on globalization and relations amongst states, realism tends to focus on states as individuals. The realists tend to believe that the world is real in that everyone for himself God for us all. With that knowledge now then, one can look at leadership and foreignRead MoreDefination of Globalisation12291 Words   |  50 PagesProgram on the Geopolitical Implications of Globalization and Transnational Security Definitions of Globalization: A Comprehensive Overview and a Proposed Definition Dr. Nayef R.F. Al-Rodhan Senior Scholar in Geostrategy and Director of the Program on the Geopolitical Implications of Globalization and Transnational Security Geneva Centre for Security Policy Ambassador Gà ©rard Stoudmann Director Geneva Centre for Security Policy June 19, 2006 To comment, please email Ms. Bethany Webster at b.webster@gcspRead MoreThe Myths of Cultural Globalization Essay3502 Words   |  15 Pages Globalization, both as an ideology and process, has become the dominant political, economical and cultural force in the 21st century. Quote from Globalism: The New Market Ideology by Manfred D.Steger Read MoreGlobalization: Human Migration3737 Words   |  15 PagesThe Philippines: Globalization and Migration By Anny Misa Hefti Globalization is synonymous to the phenomenon of acceleration. For the past 25 years rapid changes have affected political, economic and social developments. Acceleration is seen in vast technological changes, media revolution, global economic integration and massive changes in production systems and labour markets. All these rapid increases in transnational flow of capital, trade and technology have marked its effects on internationalRead MoreGlobalization and Its Impact on Malaysia13672 Words   |  55 PagesIf youre totally illiterate and living on one dollar a day, the benefits of globalization never come to you. Jimmy Carter In the US, most progressives start to see the differences between internationalism and economic globalization. David Korten It has been said that arguing against globalization is like arguing against the laws of gravity. Kofi Annan People have accused me of being in favor of globalization. This is equivalent to accusing me of being in favor of the sun rising in the morningRead MoreThe Future of Globalization5305 Words   |  22 Pagesâ€Å"The Future of Globalization† What exactly is globalisation? Before I talk about the future of globalization it is first of all important to understand what it truly means. From my research on the topic I feel that the following definition by the IMF is the most accurate. They describe globalization as the â€Å"growing economic interdependence of countries worldwide through the increasing volume and a variety of cross-border transactions in goods and services and of international capital flows and alsoRead MoreUnderstanding Postmodernism5718 Words   |  23 Pagessystematize principle and representing great complexity, opposition, vagueness, diversity, and interconnectedness. Understanding postmodernism and its insinuations is crucial, particularly for organizations since postmodernism have a power on the culture in which these organizations have to function. Contingency theory, resource-dependency theory, evolutionary theory, and institutional theory illustrate us that organizations are reliant on, interconnected with, and constantly cooperating with theirRead MoreInternal and External Factor of International Human Resource Management4647 Words   |  19 PagesIntroduction The rapid pace of Globalization has led to a change in the global economy during the past several decades; it is believe that factors such as trade liberalisation, access to cheaper labour and resources, similarity of consumer demand around the world, and advances in technology and communication has widened the market of consumption, investment as well as production on a global scale. These globalization driven factors created new challenges and global competition for businesses aroundRead MorePolitical Turncoatism9214 Words   |  37 Pagesorganization and renunciation of the other party. However, in the Philippine case politicians freely and gracefully shift from one party to another, the other changed his mind and do the same. Party- switching had been a common scenario in the Philippine politics. Its occurrence is usually at election times or at times when there is a need to resolve a certain conflict involving a political issue or question and during times of revolutions and Pe ople Power. True enough the party system of the country seemsRead MoreEconomic Growth And Development Of Development6644 Words   |  27 Pagesseen as the study of the causes and consequences of economic change in society. Development can mean different things to different people depending on the lens used in viewing it. It was seen as part of the geopolitical project to lure newly independent countries of the world away from communism to capitalist orientation of the countries of Western Europe and North America (Sachs, 1992). It was a geopolitical project that has to do with economic growth, industrialization and modernization (Veltmeyer

Marginal costing distingushes between fixed costs and variable costs Essay Example For Students

Marginal costing distingushes between fixed costs and variable costs Essay Outline1 Introduction2 Marginal bing definition3 Advantages4 Disadvantages5 Fringy Costing Formulae: 6 +7 +8 +9 Theory of Marginal Costing10 The rules of fringy costing11 Features of Marginal Costing12 Cost Categorization13 Stock/Inventory Evaluation14 Fringy Contribution15 Presentation of Cost Data under Marginal Costing16 MARGINAL COSTING PRO-FORMA17 A18 A19 A20 A21 A22 A23 A24 A25 A26 A27 A28 A29 A30 A31 Drumhead Introduction The costs that vary with a determination should merely be included in determination analysis. For many determinations that involve comparatively little fluctuations from bing pattern and/or are for comparatively limited periods of clip, fixed costs are non relevant to the determination. This is because either fixed costs tend to be impossible to change in the short term or directors are loath to change them in the short term Marginal bing definition Fringy bing distinguishes between fixed costs and variable costs as conventionally classified. The fringy cost of a merchandise is its variable cost . This is usually taken to be, direct labour, direct stuff, direct disbursals and the variable portion of operating expenses. What is Fringy Costing? It is a costing technique where merely variable cost or direct cost will be charged to the cost unit produced. Marginal costing besides shows the consequence on net income of alterations in volume and type of end product by distinguishing between fixed A ; variable costs. Outstanding Points: Fringy bing involves determining fringy costs. Since fringy costs are direct cost, this costing technique is besides known as direct costing ; In fringy costing, fixed costs are neer charged to production. They are treated as period charge and is written off to the net income and loss history in the period incurred ; Once fringy cost is ascertained part can be computed. Contribution is the surplus of gross over fringy costs. The fringy cost statement is the basic document/format to capture the fringy costs. Features of Marginal Costing System: It is a method of entering costs and describing net incomes ; All operating costs are differentiated into fixed and variable costs ; Variable cost charged to merchandise and treated as a merchandise cost whilst Fixed cost treated as period cost and written off to the net income and loss history Advantages Fringy costing is simple to understand. By non bear downing fixed overhead to cost of production, the consequence of varying charges per unit is avoided. It prevents the unlogical carry frontward in stock rating of some proportion of current twelvemonth s fixed operating expense. The effects of alternate gross revenues or production policies can be more readily available and assessed, and determinations taken would give the maximal return to concern. It eliminates big balances left in overhead control histories which indicate the trouble of determining an accurate overhead recovery rate. Practical cost control is greatly facilitated. By avoiding arbitrary allotment of fixed operating expense, attempts can be concentrated on keeping a unvarying and consistent fringy cost. It is utile to assorted degrees of direction. It helps in short-run net income planning by breakeven and profitableness analysis, both in footings of measure and graphs. Comparative profitableness and public presentation between two or more merchandises and divisions can easy be assessed and brought to the notice of direction for determination devising. Disadvantages The separation of costs into fixed and variable is hard and sometimes gives deceptive consequences. Normal bing systems besides apply overhead under normal operating volume and this shows that no advantage is gained by fringy costing. Under fringy costing, stocks and work in advancement are understated. The exclusion of fixed costs from stock lists affect net income and true and just position of fiscal personal businesss of an organisation may non be clearly crystalline. Volume discrepancy in standard costing besides discloses the consequence of fluctuating end product on fixed operating expense. Fringy cost informations becomes unrealistic in instance of extremely fluctuating degrees of production, e.g. , in instance of seasonal mills. Better Life with Cooking EssayFringy costing technique has given birth to a really utile construct of part where part is given by: Gross saless gross less variable cost ( fringy cost ) Contribution may be defined as the net income before the recovery of fixed costs. Therefore, part goes toward the recovery of fixed cost and net income, and is equal to fixed cost plus net income ( C = F + P ) . In instance a house neither makes net income nor suffers loss, part will be merely equal to fixed cost ( C = F ) . this is known as breakeven point. The construct of part is really utile in fringy costing. It has a fixed relation with gross revenues. The proportion of part to gross revenues is known as P/V ratio which remains the same under given conditions of production and gross revenues. The rules of fringy costing The rules of fringy costing are as follows. For any given period of clip, fixed costs will be the same, for any volume of gross revenues and production ( provided that the degree of activity is within the relevant scope ) . Therefore, by selling an excess point of merchandise or serve the followers will go on. Gross will increase by the gross revenues value of the point sold. Costss will increase by the variable cost per unit. Net income will increase by the sum of part earned from the excess point. Similarly, if the volume of gross revenues falls by one point, the net income will fall by the sum of part earned from the point. Net income measuring should hence be based on an analysis of entire part. Since fixed costs relate to a period of clip, and do non alter with additions or lessenings in gross revenues volume, it is misdirecting to bear down units of sale with a portion of fixed costs. When a unit of merchandise is made, the excess costs incurred in its industry are the variable production costs. Fixed costs are unaffected, and no excess fixed costs are incurred when end product is increased. Features of Marginal Costing The chief characteristics of fringy costing are as follows: Cost Categorization The fringy costing technique makes a crisp differentiation between variable costs and fixed costs. It is the variable cost on the footing of which production and gross revenues policies are designed by a house following the fringy costing technique. Stock/Inventory Evaluation Under fringy costing, inventory/stock for net income measuring is valued at fringy cost. It is in crisp contrast to the entire unit cost under soaking up bing method. Fringy Contribution Fringy costing technique makes usage of fringy part for taging assorted determinations. Fringy part is the difference between gross revenues and fringy cost. It forms the footing for judging the profitableness of different merchandises or sections. Presentation of Cost Data under Marginal Costing Fringy costing is non a method of bing but a technique of presentation of gross revenues and cost informations with a position to steer direction in decision-making. The traditional technique popularly known as entire cost or soaking up costing technique does non do any difference between variable and fixed cost in the computation of net incomes. But fringy cost statement really clearly indicates this difference in geting at the net operational consequences of a house. Following presentation of two Performa shows the difference between the presentation of information harmonizing to soaking up and fringy costing techniques: MARGINAL COSTING PRO-FORMA A Rs. Rs. Gross saless Gross A xxxxx Less Marginal Cost of Gross saless A A Opening Stock ( Valued @ fringy cost ) xxxx A Add Production Cost ( Valued @ fringy cost ) xxxx A Entire Production Cost xxxx A Less Closing Stock ( Valued @ fringy cost ) ( thirty ) A Fringy Cost of Production xxxx A Add Selling, Admin A ; Distribution Cost xxxx A Fringy Cost of Gross saless A ( xxxx ) Contribution A xxxxx Less Fixed Cost A ( xxxx ) Fringy Costing Net income A xxxxx Drumhead Fringy cost is the cost direction technique for the analysis of cost and gross information and for the counsel of direction. The presentation of information through fringy costing statement is easy understood by all troughs, even those who do non hold preliminary cognition and deductions of the topics of cost and direction accounting.

The Aesthetics of Korean Art Essay Example For Students

The Aesthetics of Korean Art Essay First and foremost, I think Korean art is realized by its love for naturalness. In everything from architecture to everyday furniture and ornaments to paintings, this aspect of Korean aesthetism is shown. If you look at the furniture pieces made of wood from the Koryo and Chosun period, you can see that most of the furniture, except for some of the luxurious ones used in court, have their natural wooden texture to it, unlike the furniture or ornaments of China or Japan. Chinese and Japanese people tried to artificially decorate their ornaments whereas Korean people left it at their most natural state and appreciated it that way. This aspect is also seen in paintings, too. Landscape painters like An Kyun, Jung Sun and Kim Hong Do tried to show the natural state of Korean landscapes rather than idealizing it or copying landscapes of Chinese painters. You can see the distinct characteristices of Korean landscapes, especially in the paintings of Jung Sun. Architecture also follows the na tural lines of the mountains surrounding it, and is built around its natural environment rather than abolishing hills to make a perfectly ideal structure of architecture. All this appreciation for nature comes from the basic philosophy of Koreans taking to their natural peaceful environment, as is said by the late Professor Kim Wonyong. This is why when we see Korean art, we feel the overwhelming grandness yet familiarity and comfort of nature. This is also why it feels so ordinary, rather than initially decorated. We will write a custom essay on The Aesthetics of Korean Art specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now However, Korean art is much more than its naturalness. Along with this comfortable feeling, Korean art sometimes has a powerful splendour to it, shown mostly in court art. The use of primary colors in luxurious patterns is another face of Korean art that shows that Koreans also loved decorativeness in their art, which in some senses is contrary to the naturalness. Court paintings surrounding the king or furniture used by the royalty were full of brilliant floral designs and idealistic animals. Costumes for special occasions were full of colors and patterns in such detail that it would sometimes be difficult to absorb it all in one sight. These two aspects combined together, Korean art is about being a whole. It is not just looking at one side of a picture. Although some painters like Shin Yoon Bok and Kim Hong Do showed common everyday life images and An Kyun on the other hand showed the dream world, along with the overpowering nature, Korean art as a whole is both sides together. One cannot describe Korean art by showing only one of these aspects. This is why Professor Kims opinion in Korean art being ordinary and possessing an inexhaustible flavour and depth cannot better explain its characteristics. This sense of wholeness is in other words about humanity. Like the everyday natural lives of the common Koreans, shown in genre paintings by Shin Yoon Bok or Kim Hong Do, it is comfortableand humane. It shows how people go on living, even giving a peek of what lurks in the minds of people in their natural state of instinct, the most common example being voyeurism. Yet it has an idealism to it that shows the dreams of these people and their aspirations. It shows through great landscapes that nature is a scale beyond the human power and through detailed decorations that Korean people are also artistic in every way imaginable. Although all art is artificial to some point, it being something that has gone through the conscience of the human mind, Korean art can be described as the closest to the human lives itself. The naturalism stated by Professor Kim comes from this philosophy of humanism behind everything. Korean art, as a whole, is really art about human beings, the Korean people themselves. .u8a9854f56eef039dcec195cd8d67e0d7 , .u8a9854f56eef039dcec195cd8d67e0d7 .postImageUrl , .u8a9854f56eef039dcec195cd8d67e0d7 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u8a9854f56eef039dcec195cd8d67e0d7 , .u8a9854f56eef039dcec195cd8d67e0d7:hover , .u8a9854f56eef039dcec195cd8d67e0d7:visited , .u8a9854f56eef039dcec195cd8d67e0d7:active { border:0!important; } .u8a9854f56eef039dcec195cd8d67e0d7 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u8a9854f56eef039dcec195cd8d67e0d7 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u8a9854f56eef039dcec195cd8d67e0d7:active , .u8a9854f56eef039dcec195cd8d67e0d7:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u8a9854f56eef039dcec195cd8d67e0d7 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u8a9854f56eef039dcec195cd8d67e0d7 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u8a9854f56eef039dcec195cd8d67e0d7 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u8a9854f56eef039dcec195cd8d67e0d7 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u8a9854f56eef039dcec195cd8d67e0d7:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u8a9854f56eef039dcec195cd8d67e0d7 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u8a9854f56eef039dcec195cd8d67e0d7 .u8a9854f56eef039dcec195cd8d67e0d7-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u8a9854f56eef039dcec195cd8d67e0d7:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Oppenheimer And The Atomic Bomb Persuasive EssayBibliography: